A Pittsburgher’s guide to signing up for health insurance

By Lindsay Patross and Natasha Khan

Nov. 16, 2017

(Photo via Rawpixel)

Shopping for health insurance is a bit like buying a plane ticket. Just like you compare options to find the cheapest flight that still gets you to your destination smoothly, you want to find the health plan with the best coverage at the lowest price. The problem is there’s no Orbitz or Expedia for health insurance.

With the 2018 open enrollment period here, we compiled a guide below to help residents of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County choose the best health insurance plan.

Here are five things you need to know about buying health insurance for 2018:

  • The open enrollment period runs from Nov. 1, 2017 to Dec. 15, 2017.
  • In Allegheny County, there are 34 different plans available on the HealthCare.gov marketplace, primarily offered by two providers: UPMC Health Plan and Highmark.
  • The health insurance plans available to you and their prices change based on your age and income.
  • Preexisting conditions are covered. You cannot be denied a plan in the marketplace based on a preexisting condition.
  • Have an insurance plan through the marketplace? If you do nothing, you will be re-enrolled in the same plan. Due to several changes, you may want to shop around before re-enrolling because you could get better coverage for less.

Follow our guide below for more explanation of the options and available resources. Have any questions? Email them to Lindsay@publicsource.org and we’ll try to direct you to an answer.



Understanding your health insurance options

Can’t I just change my health insurance any time?

No. The open enrollment period, which ends Dec. 15, is the designated time frame to enroll in or change your health insurance coverage for 2018. Outside of this period, you can only change your insurance under a few special circumstances, such as a birth of a child or loss of job.

Are there ways to get health insurance other than in the federal marketplace?

Yes. It is helpful to understand all of the options before you start shopping:

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Ten things to know before you shop for health insurance...

1. Your age determines your options.

People 65 and older are eligible for Medicare, while people younger than 30 are eligible for catastrophic coverage — the least expensive insurance plan and the least coverage. Catastrophic insurance plans cover three primary care visits per year; everything else is paid out of pocket until a deductible is met. Children can be covered in family plans or under a federal health insurance program (more on that here).


2. Your income changes what assistance is available to you.

You may be eligible for Medicaid or for savings in the marketplace.

Here’s how to find out:

More info:
-Checklist of information needed to apply for insurance from HealthCare.gov
-For a more detailed look at your options based on income levels, see the infographics from Kaiser Health News here.


3. You’ll want to know what health insurance plans are accepted by doctors and providers you like.

It’s a good idea to make a list of your current doctors and be sure they’re in the network before you make your health insurance selection.

A doctor's office may accept your insurance, but if your insurance plan considers them out of network, you will likely have to pay more.

Hey Pittsburgh, help PublicSource investigate health care and how the system could improve. We want to hear your story.


4. What health insurance providers offer plans for Allegheny County residents?

Allegheny County residents are able to choose a health insurance plan from the following providers through the marketplace or directly from the health insurance provider.

Your employer may offer a health insurance plan that is not one of the three listed above.

Highmark vs. UPMC

The Allegheny Health Network, which was formed from the merger of West Penn Hospital and Allegheny General Hospital, is a subsidiary of Highmark. The UPMC Health Plan is a for-profit arm of UPMC, which is a nonprofit with more than 30 hospitals. (The two systems have a tense history. Read more here.)

In an emergency, go to the nearest hospital. Regardless of your insurance network, emergency room visits are covered at the in-network rate.


5. What is different for the 2018 open enrollment period?


6. What do the plan levels mean? And everyone wants gold, right?

This is one of the more confusing parts of shopping for health insurance. The metal levels only indicate how much your insurance plan pays for services versus what the individual pays, not the quality of care.

In theory, an individual with a bronze plan would pay more for services at the time of care than someone who has a gold plan. The HealthCare.gov website explains that bronze plans may be good for someone who wants a low monthly premium and only wants to pay more if they have an emergency. Platinum plans have the highest monthly premiums, but you will pay less when you need care.

How you and your insurance plan split costs

Estimated averages for a typical population. Your costs will vary.

Plan categoryThe insurance company paysYou pay
Bronze60%40%
Silver70%30%
Gold80%20%
Platinum90%10%

7. It is important to shop all plan levels for 2018

Health insurance brokers and advocates are recommending consumers evaluate all levels of plans due to a change in subsidies (financial assistance). The subsidy changes are causing unexpected savings for some consumers. Many people are finding they’re able to get a bronze plan for less than projected or even free. According to a New York Times report, gold plans are cheaper or within $25 of silver plans in Allegheny County.

If you’re shopping the marketplace and considering a silver plan, you should check the price of the plan directly with insurance providers. One broker noted that silver plans are often less expensive if purchased outside of the marketplace.


8. Subsidies and savings

Estimate your subsidy

You can use the Health Insurance Marketplace Calculator on the Kaiser Family Foundation website to estimate how much of a subsidy you are eligible to receive on a plan purchased through HealthCare.gov.

There are two types of savings:

Premium tax credits: This credit can be claimed in advance and paid directly to the insurance provider to reduce your monthly premium or you can receive the credit when you file your annual tax returns (or some combination of the two).

Cost sharing reductions: In addition to the tax credits, you may be eligible for a subsidy that would reduce the cost of a Silver Level plan. (This is why it only applies to silver plans.)

More info:
-Kaiser Family Foundation “Explaining Health Care Reform: Questions About Health Insurance Subsidies” Nov. 8, 2017
-NPR “Shop Around: Subsidies May Offset Your 2018 Health Insurance Price Hike” Oct. 30, 2017
-Consumer Reports “What Is a Cost-Sharing Reduction, Anyway?“ Aug. 3, 2017


9. PPO. EPO. HMO. …HUH?

Despite the confusion they cause, these acronyms carry important meanings. Below, we explain what they mean about the medical providers you would have access to and how many plans of each are available in Allegheny County. Most of the plans in the county are PPOs and EPOs.

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs): HMOs often limit coverage to care from providers who work for or contract with the HMO. HMO members usually have a primary care doctor and may need to get referrals to specialists. Highmark has four HMO plans available in the marketplace.

Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs): PPOs give you the choice of getting care from in-network or out-of-network providers. You pay less if you use providers that belong to the plan’s network. If you have a PPO plan, you can visit any doctor without getting a referral. UPMC has 20 PPO plans available in the marketplace.

Exclusive Provider Organizations (EPOs): An EPO plan requires you to use doctors and hospitals in the network. It does not require a referral to see a specialist. UPMC has 10 EPO plans available in the marketplace.


10. Lost?

There are trained ‘assisters’ and brokers who can guide you in purchasing a plan through the marketplace or directly from a private insurer. Here are some other local organizations that can help you sign up for health insurance:


Health insurance for kids

The Children’s Health Insurance Program, known as CHIP, is separate from the Affordable Care Act. Created in 1997, CHIP is a federal program that is administered by the states. CHIP can provide coverage to any child in Pennsylvania for free or a reduced cost. Five things you need to know:


More Resources

Helpful websites